Glaucoma requires attention and understanding. This silent thief of sight is a group of eye diseases that can result in irreversible vision loss. Contrary to popular belief, this condition is not just about increased eye pressure. Read on to learn more about its various types, risk factors, and the importance of early detection and treatment.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease. It typically culminates in the deterioration of the optic nerve. This is the vital pathway responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. It arises from an imbalance in the production and drainage of the fluid within your eye.

Types of Glaucoma

• Open-angle Glaucoma - It is characterized by a gradual increase in eye pressure over time. The drainage angle of the eye remains open, but the optic nerve is still damaged.
   

• Angle-closure Glaucoma - This type occurs when the drainage angle of the eye becomes blocked or closed, leading to a sudden rise in eye pressure. Angle-closure glaucoma requires immediate medical attention.
   

• Normal-tension Glaucoma - In this form of glaucoma, the optic nerve is damaged even though the eye pressure remains within the normal range.

Risk Factors

• Age - People over the age of 60 are at higher risk.
   

• Family history - Having a close family member with glaucoma increases the risk.
   

• Race or Ethnicity - People of African, Hispanic, or Asian descent have a higher risk.
   

• Medical Conditions - Certain conditions increase the risk of glaucoma. Examples include diabetes and hypertension.
   

• Eye Anatomy - Certain eye conditions can contribute to the development of glaucoma. Examples include thin corneas or optic nerve abnormalities.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Early-stage glaucoma is often asymptomatic, making regular comprehensive eye exams crucial for early detection. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include a gradual loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision, blurred vision, or halos around lights. Unfortunately, these symptoms typically occur when the disease is already advanced.

Treatment and Management

Glaucoma has no cure. But early detection and treatment can help slow its progression and prevent further vision loss. Treatment options may include:

Eye Drops

Medicated eye drops are commonly prescribed to reduce eye pressure and promote proper fluid drainage.

Oral Medications

In some cases, oral medications may be prescribed to lower eye pressure.

Laser Therapy

Laser treatments, such as trabeculoplasty or iridotomy, can improve fluid drainage and reduce eye pressure.

Surgery

In advanced cases or when other treatments are ineffective, surgical procedures like trabeculectomy or drainage implant surgery may be recommended.

Importance of Regular Eye Exams

Regular comprehensive eye exams are critical in the early detection and management of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a complex eye disease that goes beyond increased eye pressure. With various types and risk factors, it is crucial to understand the importance of regular eye exams and early detection. 

By staying proactive and seeking professional care, individuals can better manage and slow the progression of glaucoma, preserving their precious vision for years to come. Remember, your eyesight is irreplaceable, and prioritizing regular eye care is essential for maintaining healthy eyes and optimal visual well-being.

For more on glaucoma, visit the Eye Center of Virginia at our office in Williamsburg, Virginia. Call (757) 919-3500 to book an appointment today.