Dry eye occurs when the eyes cannot produce ample tears or maintain a healthy tear film. The condition can cause discomfort and irritation and impact your overall quality of life.

Read on for a detailed look into dry eye, including its symptoms and risk factors. Understanding this condition can help you recognize the signs and take steps to manage and alleviate the discomfort associated with dry eyes.

What Is Dry Eye?

Dry eye is scientifically known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca. It is characterized by insufficient tear production or poor tear quality. Tears play a crucial role in maintaining the health and lubrication of the eyes, providing nourishment and protection against foreign particles. When the eyes receive inadequate tears, it can lead to dryness, redness, and discomfort.

Common Symptoms of Dry Eye

Recognizing the symptoms of dry eye is essential for early detection and prompt management. Some common symptoms include:
 

• Dryness - Feeling dryness or a gritty sensation in the eyes is a typical symptom of dry eye.
   

• Redness - Bloodshot or red eyes can occur due to inflammation and irritation caused by insufficient tear production.
   

• Irritation - Itching, burning, and stinging sensations in the eyes are common complaints of individuals with dry eye syndrome.
   

• Excessive Tearing - Paradoxically, dry eye can cause an overproduction of tears as a response to eye irritation.
   

• Blurred Vision - Vision may become blurred, especially during prolonged periods of reading, digital device use, or focusing on tasks that require visual concentration.
   

• Sensitivity to Light - Dry eye can make your eyes more sensitive to light, leading to discomfort in bright environments.

Risk Factors for Dry Eye

Understanding the risk factors associated with dry eye helps confirm whether you are more susceptible to developing the condition. Some common risk factors include:
 

• Aging

Dry eye becomes more prevalent with age as tear production tends to decrease.
 

• Gender

Women are more prone to dry eye due to hormonal changes. This is especially true during pregnancy, menopause, or while using oral contraceptives.
 

• Environmental Factors

Exposure to dry and windy climates, air conditioning, and excessive screen time can contribute to dry eye symptoms.
 

• Contact Lens Use

Contact lens wearers may experience dry eye symptoms due to reduced tear circulation and increased evaporation.
 

• Medications

Certain medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, and hormonal therapies, can contribute to dry eye symptoms.

Managing Dry Eye

While dry eye is a chronic condition, there are several strategies you can employ to manage and alleviate its symptoms. These include:

Artificial Tears

Over-the-counter lubricating eye drops can provide temporary relief by supplementing the natural tears.

Environmental Modifications

Using a humidifier, wearing wraparound sunglasses outdoors, and taking regular breaks during screen time can help reduce dry eye symptoms.

Blinking Exercises

Practicing regular blinking exercises can improve tear distribution and reduce eyestrain.

Eyelid Hygiene

Keeping your eyelids clean and debris-free helps prevent blockages in the oil glands that contribute to dry eye.

Nutritional Changes

Consuming a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids—fish, flaxseed, chia seeds, and others—can improve your eye health.

For more on dry eye, visit the Eye Center of Virginia. Our office is in Williamsburg, Virginia. Call (757) 919-3500 to book an appointment today.